Abstract
The Sun is the ultimate source of energy that sustains modern life. In fact, virtually all forms of energy that we currently use, from fossil fuels to biofuels, are derived from the Sun at one time or another. For example, petroleum and coal are made from decomposed algae and plants that existed hundreds of millions of years ago. The Sun showers the Earth with enough solar energy. If we can capture a small portion of this energy and cost-effectively convert it into useful electricity, then we can inhabit the Earth for as long as the Sun exists without worrying about a shortage of energy. This single fact has propelled the solar industry on a path of exponential growth.
Despite the seemingly unlimited growth potential of the solar industry, there is one major problem facing the PV industry – the cost of buying and installing a solar system is more expensive than conventional electricity. The cost of a solar system or the economics of a solar cell cannot be measured by calculating the cost per watt for a solar cell. The power of the solar cell affects the entire installation. The more power coming out of the cell makes all the components less expensive relative to the power produced.
A solar cell (also called a photovoltaic cell) is an electrical device that converts the energy of light directly into electricity by the photovoltaic effect. It is a form of a photoelectric cell (in that its electrical characteristics—e.g. current, voltage, or resistance—vary when the light is incident upon it) which, when exposed to light, can generate and support an electric current without being attached to any external voltage source.
3D Solar Cell
Solar3D is developing a breakthrough 3-dimensional solar cell technology to maximize the conversion of sunlight into electricity. Up to 30% of incident sunlight is currently reflected off the surface of conventional solar cells, and more is lost inside the solar cell materials. Inspired by light management techniques used in fiber optic devices, solar cell technology utilizes a 3-dimensional design to trap sunlight inside a photovoltaic structure where photons bounce around until they are converted into electrons. An innovative wide-angle light collection feature on the cell surface allows for the collection of sunlight over a range of angles during the day.
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