Introduction
An earthquake is a vibration, sometimes violent to the earth’s surface that follows a release of energy in the earth’s crust. This energy can be generated by a sudden dislocation of segments of the crust, by a volcanic eruption, or even by a manmade explosion. The dislocation of the crust causes the most destructive earthquakes. The crust may first bend and then the stresses exceed the strength of rocks, they break. In the process of breaking, vibrations called seismic waves are generated. These waves travel outward from the source of the earthquake along the surface and through the earth at varying speeds depending on the material through which they move. These waves can cause disasters on the earth’s surface.
No structure on the planet can be constructed 100% earthquake proof; only its resistance to earthquake can be increased. Treatment is required to be given depending on the zone in which the particular site is located. Earthquake occurred in the recent past have raised various issues and have forced us to think about the disaster management. It has become essential to think right from planning stage to completion stage of a structure to avoid failure or to minimize the loss of property. Not only this, once the earthquake has occurred and disaster has taken place; how to use the debris to construct economical houses using this waste material without affecting their structural stability.
Hazards due to Earthquake
- Liquefaction of Soils
- Ground Shaking
- Surface Rupture
- Landslides
- Lateral Spreading
- Shear Failure of Foundation
- Settlements of Structures
- Failure of Retaining Wall
- Tsunamis And Seiches
- How earthquake resistant construction is different?
- Effect of earthquake on reinforced concrete buildings
- Seismic Design Philosophy
- Remedial measures to minimise the losses due to earthquakes
- Earthquake resistant building construction with reinforced hollow concrete block (RHCBM)
- Earthquake resistance using slurry infiltrated mat concrete (SIMCON)
- Traditional earthquake-resistant housing
Conclusion
The builders and constructors should adopt the codal provisions in all the future construction, as prevention is better than cure. In the light of avoiding the risk, this may not be an impossible task as earthquake-resistant measures in building involve only 2%-6% additional cost depending on the type of building. Using construction techniques like SIMCON and RHCBM can not only mitigate earthquake effects but also are cost-effective. Seismic base isolation method has proved to be a reliable method of earthquake-resistant Design. The success of this method is largely attributed to the development of isolation devices and proper planning.
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